Rubber is a versatile material that is a part of everyday life. From car tires and shoes to medical devices and sealants, rubber is a common material that has a major impact on the modern world. Despite being commonly used today, it has ancient origins from as early as 1600 BC all over South America. Below you will find the history of rubber and how it has become a modern staple.
History of Rubber
Indigenous cultures first discovered rubber from a tree. The Hevea brasiliensis tree is also known as the “rubber tree.” It is a species of rubberwood that is native to the Amazon region of South America. The tree has a milky latex substance that can be extracted from it. This is the primary source of naturally made rubber. Once this was discovered, various indigenous civilizations started using the material for various purposes. It was commonly used for waterproofing their dwellings and making shoes.
As with many discoveries, explorers from all over the globe brought rubber from South America to other places. This included Europe, Asia, and North America. In the 19th century, a significant advancement in rubber occurred. The process of vulcanization made rubber stronger, more durable, and improved its elasticity. This process is made possible when rubber is heated with sulfur. This process transformed rubber and made it suitable for a wide variety of applications. In fact, the vulcanization process catapulted rubber into the modern world as it coincided with the Industrial Revolution.
Modern Applications of Rubber
While vulcanization made rubber an indispensable part of life, the demand was too great. Natural rubber could not meet the modern demands as it was much greater than during the 18th and 19th centuries. Due to the rubber shortage, synthetic rubber alternatives were necessary. Scientists began working on producing a synthetic rubber that could meet the demands. This was beneficial as it reduced the impact on tropical forests in South America and provided a reliable supply. To this day, synthetic rubber is used in a wide variety of applications.
There are many rubber products that you likely are aware of. From automotive parts and construction materials to medical devices and specialty seals, rubber is something you likely interact with on a daily basis. However, there are some unique products rubber is in that you may not be aware of. Wetsuits, sticky notes, surgical masks, ear plugs, tennis balls, and carpet backing. The possibilities are endless when it comes to the use of rubber in one’s everyday life.
Versatility of Rubber
Rubber can be combined with other materials to create composite materials for various applications.
Rubber and Polyurethane: Rubber and polyurethane are often combined. They offer durability, flexibility, and are resistant to abrasion. Rubber polyurethane is often used in industrial wheels, rollers, and specialty seals.
Rubber and Silicone: Silicone rubber is a highly versatile material as it is temperature resistant and can be used in a wide variety of environments. It is also highly flexible and has insulation properties that are beneficial for electrical applications. Rubber and silicone products are often used in medical devices and automotive seals.
Rubber and Nitrile: Nitrile rubber is oil and fuel resistant. This makes it a great option for applications exposed to petroleum-based fluids. It is also resistant to abrasion and has excellent sealing properties. Because of these features, they are often used in automotive seals, gaskets, and oil-resistant hoses.
Rubber and Neoprene: Neoprene rubber is a highly versatile material as it is resistant to oil, weather, and various chemicals. It can also effectively withstand a high temperature range. Neoprene rubber is often used in automotive seals, industrial hoses, and gaskets.
